Companies should exploit an economic downturn by identifying and meeting emerging customer needs that competitors can’t—or don’t even see. For consumers, the world is changing: Fuel prices are volatile, jobs and compensation are in jeopardy, loans are harder to get, and debts are more difficult to pay off. For B2B customers, volumes and margins are shrinking, credit is tightening, and suppliers are getting tougher. Under these pressures, customers need new types of offerings. It’s an ideal time to go on the strategic offensive and innovate.

A version of this article appeared in the December 2008 issue of Harvard Business Review.