You have to pay attention to a book that starts with this bill of indictment: Most of the advice on organizational learning, transformational change, and employee commitment does not work and, worse, often leads to counterproductive results. Although the academics, change consultants, and executives providing or implementing this advice are sincere and honest, “professionally, they are very good at being wrong.” Not only are these people blind to the gaps and inconsistencies in their advice, they are unaware of their blindness. The result is a growing “skilled unawareness” and “skilled incompetence” in companies around the globe.

A version of this article appeared in the March–April 2000 issue of Harvard Business Review.