While urban demand for consumer products remains sluggish worldwide, rural markets are growing faster than ever in some of the largest emerging economies. Rising wages are creating a growing middle class, and in such countries as China, Mexico, and South Africa, rural residents report being more optimistic about future wage increases than their urban counterparts. In China, demand in the countryside has already begun to outstrip demand in the cities.

A version of this article appeared in the June 2014 issue of Harvard Business Review.